Oral and subcutaneous sumatriptan in the acute treatment of migraine: an open randomized cress-over study

In an open, randomized cross-over study in 124 patients, we compared the efficacy, safety and patient preference of oral and subcutaneous sum triptan in the acute treatment of migraine. Patients were treated for 3 attacks or 3 months and then crossed over. Primary clinical efficacy was defined as a reduction in headache severity on a four-point self-rating scale from severe (3) or moderate (2) to mild (1) or none (0), or mild (1) to none (0). Efficacy was evaluated 2 h after the administration of subcutaneous and 4h after the administration of oral sumatriptan. Subcutaneous sumatriptan was significantly more effective than oral sumatriptan in relieving headache (over all three attacks 78% vs 61% improvement), improving clinical disability (55% vs 41 % improvement) and relieving nausea (69% vs 53%), vomiting (72% vs 32%) and phono- or photophobia (67% vs 49%). Median time to recurrence was shorter after subcutaneous (12.5 h) than after oral sumatriptan (18 h); the number of patients experiencing a recurrence was similar Patients reported more adverse events after subcutaneous sumatriptan (1.32 per attack) than after the oral form (0.85 per attack), but all adverse events were mild to moderate in intensity and of short duration. Patient opinion was more often positive after subcutaneous sumatriptan. These results may be useful in counselling patients to choose between the available marketed formulations of sumatriptan.     

深部病原真菌菌种4453株分析

目的 分析深部病原真菌菌种分布。方法 收集1991-2003年我院门诊及住院病人6533例，对其标本按真菌培养分离鉴定步骤进行鉴定。结果 分离出白念珠菌3555株(85．44％)，克柔念珠菌309株(7．43％)，高里念珠菌239株(5．74％)；呼吸系统分离出真菌3004株(68．35％)；消化系统真菌1291株(29．37％)；泌尿生殖系统87株(1．98％)；神经系统8株(0．18％)；血液5株(0．11％)。结论 念珠菌属尤其白念珠菌是我院近13年间系统性真菌感染的重要致病菌；合理应用抗生素及早期诊断尤为重要。     

超细β-磷酸三钙/聚-L-乳酸复合材料的制备与骨折内固定器的加工

目的：制备分散性良好的超细β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)／聚-L-乳酸(PLLA)复合材料及新型可吸收骨折内固定器。方法：通过研磨方法制备β-TCP超细粒子，用一缩二乙二醇作分散剂研磨β-TCP后，再将β-TCP与PLLA超声混合，制得复合材料，经注塑加工制成可吸收骨钉，并采用扫描电镜等方法进行表征。结果与结论：用一缩二乙二醇作分散剂研磨β-TCP后再经超声混合，可以使β-TCP超细粒子在复合材料中分散均匀，粒子大小仅为300nm左右，β-TCP与PLlA基体之间结合良好。超细β-TCP／PLLA复合材料可加工成可吸收骨钉，弯曲强度达到100MPa左右，完全满足松质骨内固定的要求。     

Accelerating effects of epidermal growth factor on skin lesions of pemphigus vulgaris: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a severe blistering disease involving the skin and mucous membranes. The most common causes of death in these patients are adverse effects of drugs, and infection. Skin lesions are one of the important sources of infection. Thus, any local treatment that could reduce healing time of lesions and consequently reduce the total dosage of drugs needed to treat is favourable. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in reducing healing time of lesions in patients with pemphigus vulgaris. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, within-patient, left/right, controlled trial, 20 hospitalized patients with pathologial and immunohistologial (direct and indirect immunoflourecence) proven pemphigus vulgaris (PV) were chosen. In addition, all patients had at least one appropriate pemphigus lesion on each side of the body that had not healed after 2-week systemic therapy and sterile saline washing. EGF (10 microg/g) in 0.1% silver sulfadiazine cream vs. 0.1% silver sulfadiazine cream alone was applied randomly on one side of the body. RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier survival analysis suggested that median time to heal with application of EGF plus silver sulfadiazine cream was 9 days, in comparison with 15 days for silver sulfadiazine cream alone (log-rank test, P=0.0003). No intervention-related adverse effect was observed during the study. CONCLUSIONS: EGF can significantly reduce healing time of skin lesions in patients with pemphigus vulgaris, at least when this cream base is applied (Cochrane skin group identifier: CSG20).     

基于薄板样条和形状内容的医学图像非刚性配准方法研究

目的 针对医学图像非刚性点配准的现状,给出一种基于点特征的非刚性配准方法.方法 利用一种新的相似度测量方法--形状内容来解决两幅图像中点的对应关系,并利用点对应关系来估计非刚性映射函数.结果 利用薄板样条实现了医学图像的快速准确非刚性配准.结论 实验结果表明,上述方法获得了很好的配准效果.     

PD98059对人骨髓间质干细胞分化为成骨细胞的影响

目的:探讨胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)信号传导途径对骨髓间质干细胞(MSC)分化为成骨细胞的影响。方法:采用Ficoll-Paque淋巴细胞分离液分离成人MSC,体外扩增,应用地塞米松、β-甘油磷酸钠、vitaminC定向诱导MSC分化为成骨细胞。在成骨诱导液中加入不同剂量的PD98059,观察其对成骨细胞形成的影响。结果:MSC体外扩增15代可获得(3-4)×10¹²个细胞。在成骨诱导液作用下,MSC可在体外定向分化为成骨细胞。不同剂量的PD98059均可抑制MSC分化为成骨细胞,并有剂量依赖关系;同时促使部分细胞转化为脂肪细胞。结论:ERK信号传导途径可能在MSC分化为成骨细胞和脂肪细胞过程中起关键作用。     

Linkage of the MHC to familial multiple sclerosis suggests genetic heterogeneity. The Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Group

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. While its etiology is not well understood, genetic factors are clearly involved. Until recently, most genetic studies in MS have been association studies using the case-control design testing specific candidate genes and studying only sporadic cases. The only consistently replicated finding has been an association with the HLA-DR2 allele within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6. Using the genetic linkage design, however, evidence for and against linkage of the MHC to MS has been found, fostering suggestions that sporadic and familial MS have different etiologies. Most recently, two of four genomic screens demonstrated linkage to the MHC, although specific allelic associations were not tested. Here, a dataset of 98 multiplex families was studied to test for an association to the HLA-DR2 allele in familial MS and to determine if genetic linkage to the MHC was due solely to such an association. Three highly polymorphic markers (HLA-DR, D6S273 and TNFbeta) in the MHC demonstrated strong genetic linkage (parametric lod scores of 4.60, 2.20 and 1.24, respectively) and a specific association with the HLA-DR2 allele was confirmed (TDT; P < 0.001). Stratifying the results by HLA-DR2 status showed that the linkage results were limited to families segregating HLA-DR2 alleles. These results demonstrate that genetic linkage to the MHC can be explained by the HLA-DR2 allelic association. They also indicate that sporadic and familial MS share a common genetic susceptibility. In addition, preliminary calculations suggest that the MHC explains between 17 and 62% of the genetic etiology of MS. This heterogeneity is also supported by the minority of families showing no linkage or association with loci within the MHC.      

Androgen receptor YAC transgenic mice carrying CAG 45 alleles show trinucleotide repeat instability

X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the first exon of the androgen receptor (AR) gene. Disease-associated alleles (37-66 CAGs) change in length when transmitted from parents to offspring, with a significantly greater tendency to shift size when inherited paternally. As transgenic mice carrying human AR cDNAs with 45 and 66 CAG repeats do not display repeat instability, we attempted to model trinucleotide repeat instability by generating transgenic mice with yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) carrying AR CAG repeat expansions in their genomic context. Studies of independent lines of AR YAC transgenic mice with CAG 45 alleles reveal intergenerational instability at an overall rate of approximately 10%. We also find that the 45 CAG repeat tracts are significantly more unstable with maternal transmission and as the transmitting mother ages. Of all the CAG/CTG repeat transgenic mice produced to date the AR YAC CAG 45 mice are unstable with the smallest trinucleotide repeat mutations, suggesting that the length threshold for repeat instability in the mouse may be lowered by including the appropriate flanking human DNA sequences. By sequence-tagged site content analysis and long range mapping we determined that one unstable transgenic line has integrated an approximately 70 kb segment of the AR locus due to fragmentation of the AR YAC. Identification of the cis - acting elements that permit CAG tract instability and the trans -acting factors that modulate repeat instability in the AR YAC CAG 45 mice may provide insights into the molecular basis of trinucleotide repeat instability in humans.      

多囊卵巢综合征患者复方醋酸环丙孕酮治疗前后激素和糖代谢变化的临床观察

为观察达英-35治疗多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)在明显降低黄体生成素(LH)及睾酮(T)水平,改善患者内分泌状况的同时,是否改善其胰岛素抵抗(IR),35例PCOS患者服用复方醋酸环丙孕酮(达英-35)治疗3个周期,观察用药前后临床特征、血清激素水平、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素(FIN)的变化.结果显示,治疗后34例PCOS患者月经恢复,多毛及痤疮评分下降(P<0.01),双侧卵巢体积明显缩小(P<0.01).血清LH、FSH、T水平和LH/FSH明显下降(P<0.01).FIN水平明显下降(P<0.01),IR也有相应降低(P<0.01),空腹血糖(FBG)和胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI)无明显改变(P>0.05).达英-35有很强的抗雄作用,明显改善了PCOS患者的内分泌状况和临床症状.